Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional Practice

The correct choice, Database Activity Monitoring (DAM), is specifically designed to monitor database activities independently from the native logging mechanisms provided by the database itself. This technology focuses on real-time monitoring and analysis of database activity to detect threats and unauthorized access. Since traditional database logs can sometimes be manipulated or disabled by attackers, DAM provides an additional layer of security by analyzing database transactions and queries for suspicious patterns and behaviors, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the database environment. Application Virtualization, on the other hand, primarily focuses on encapsulating applications to enable them to run in isolated environments, which does not inherently provide monitoring capabilities for database activities. Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) is a method used to test web applications for vulnerabilities while they are running, rather than monitoring databases specifically. Federated Identity Management manages identities across multiple domains but does not serve the purpose of monitoring database activity. Thus, the dedicated nature of DAM in monitoring and securing database interactions clearly establishes it as the most suitable answer for the question posed.